Free sample - Difference in Death. translation missing

Difference in Death. Difference in DeathThe Death of Ivan llyich and Strider: The Story of a Horse; are two pieces of literary work written by Tolstoy. The former came into being in 1886. The cardinal subject matter in that book is death. The book came in the limelight following his transition in religion back in 1870. The novel revolves around a forty five year old judge who is experiencing marital problems until such a time when he dies. â€Å"Strider† is one of the most interesting stories of Russian origin which Leo Tolstoy left unfinished only for Kholstomer to finish it later. Strider is a horse who narrates his ordeal and experience in the hands of different masters to the fellow horses until when he meets his death just as the story comes to an end. The thematic issues expressed by Tolstoy in this short narrative are exploitation and death. This particular article is written in an attempt to compare and contrast representations of death in the above mentioned texts by Leo Tolstoy. The arti cle will answer questions on how one should approach death basing the argument on these two books. The article will also analyze the characters used in the stories to embody Tolstoy’s ideal. In these two stories, it is evident that the approach of death begins with having a proper attitude towards life. In Ivan’s story, the author takes the reader through his life some years back when he was a very young man studying law. On clearing school, he manages to secure a job and moves to stay in another town. He gets married to Praskovya and problems start in their life immediately. This, from the author’s disposition is the beginning of Ivan’s death. In ‘Strider’, the horse story, the authors opens the story from a second point of view before the horse is allowed a chance to narrate his ordeal to the other horses. His life in the farm was not at its best, it is described as being old and bad looking, and his entire body was weak with his skin completely worn out. From Ivan’s story, death encompasses his life starting from his marriage. When he gets into trouble with his wife, Ivan decides to stay away from his family. While he goes to work he presents himself differently and changes abruptly while he arrives at home. In the same breath, his dream of becoming the top judge is slapped with an unexpected death and this saw him evacuating with his family to upcountry. In this text, the two deaths that encompass Ivan’s life is an indication that his real death is slowly by slowly approaching. This can be seen being fuelled by his failed marriage to Praskovya and failure to receive a promotion at his place of work. In ‘Strider’, the story of a horse, his death is slowly brought to the attention of the reader going by the mistreatment he gets from Nester. Being an old horse, he is harassed by the rest while grazing and quenching thirst. His weak foreleg seems to have met its death way before his real death. Comparing the h orse, and Ivan, one can deduce that, no matter how these two try to look at life in a positive way, they are frustrated at different points in their life adding salt to injury and so their deaths continues coming closer. In ‘The Death of Ivan llyich’, when he moves with his family to another place, Ivan looks for a better job and lucky enough he gets. He decides to buy a house and he moves his family in. going by this particular disposition, it is clearly seen that death is being distanced from the life of the main character. This comes after Ivan gets a job with help of a friend. He is completely settled ready to move on with his life. On the other hand, strider’s life takes a different turn when he begins to narrate his ordeal from when he was young. All the horses become interested to listen to his story. In the mind of the reader, the old, sick and weak horse is presented differently. His life which was painted so gloomy before the narration is being presented differently by the same horse. Just like Ivan’s life is taking a different turn away from death, so is Strider. The author in the two stories has given each a new life probably meant for plot development. However, death courts Ivan as soon as he settles down in his new home; he feels totally uncomfortable and decides to seek help from medical experts. After paying several visits to different doctors, he ends up getting more confused and he is not himself anymore. His outward appearance changes drastically and his mind started experiencing images of him dead. This serves as a wake call to him and he realizes indeed he is going to die. The approach of death in a systematic way by the author can clearly be seen. Despite the fact that, by him visiting doctors did not arrest the situation, is a deliberate move by the author to kill Ivan. In the same breath, Strider is slowly but surely taken towards his death by the author. This is clearly seen when he terms as experience his being changed fro one hand to the next. He recalls with nostalgia how he served two masters probably for the longest time in his career. The most unfortunate incidence was while he was serving a prince who almost caus ed his life. Since that time strider admits that the feeling that he will one day die has always courted him. In the two stories, it can be seen that, these two parties are confused with feelings of death at one time in their life. This is only a preparation for their real death that awaits him. In Ivan’s story, nobody seems to agree with him that he is almost approaching his death. People who are close to him just associate his condition with sickness. While in this stage, he realizes that, his only son Vasya seems to understand his condition better than anybody else. The nightmare that encompasses his mind leaves him in a very devastated situation. His journey towards death is characterized by pain and cannot move from his house. Death is surely some steps away. He starts looking at his past life and all this does not seem to make sense to him now that he is dying. The nightmare keeps coming in his mind but he is suddenly struck by a force in his chest. In his last minute to die, he quickly looks at all he had including his wife, and sees all this as a dream which never was. He dies seconds later. In the story of a horse, Strider meets his death after an a deal was sealed between his master and the veterinary. The two agree to cut his throat and this happens the fol lowing day when Strider as usual, did not go for herding but instead he was carried away meet his death with a knife. While cutting his throat, he did not seem to realize what was happening until suddenly when he felt a little pain and the burden he had carried in entire life came to an end at once. He was not frightened nor taken by surprise. According to Tolstoy, the steady approach toward death is accompanied by the realization of its strange power which leaves one devastated. This is what happens to Ivan and Strider. These two characters have been used throughout the narration by the author to deliver his information to the reader. These are the two characters alongside others who embodies Tolstoy’s ideal.

Pros and Cons of Using Ethanol Biofuel E85

Pros and Cons of Using Ethanol Biofuel E85 Approximately 49 million ethanol flexible-fuel cars, motorcycles and light trucks were sold in the United States by mid-2015, yet many buyers still remain unaware that the car they own can utilize E85. E85 is 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline.   Ethanol is a biofuel that produced in the U.S. with corn. Ethanol fuel  is  ethyl alcohol, the same type of  alcohol  found in  alcoholic beverages.  It has been part of the nation’s fuel supply for almost 40  years. Research shows that ethanol may help lower fuel costs, improve air quality and increase octane. Ethanol can be used in any vehicle and is covered under warranty by every automaker in the U.S. Some cars can use more ethanol than others. What Is a Flexible-Fuel Vehicle A  flexible-fuel vehicle is  also known as an  alternative fuel vehicle  with an  internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one  fuel, usually, gasoline  blended with either  ethanol  or  methanol fuel, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank.   Vehicles That Are E85 Compatible The U.S. Department of Energy tracks fuel economy information and helps consumers perform flex-fuel cost comparisons and calculations. The department also maintains a database of all E85 compatible vehicles.   Flexible-fuel vehicles have been produced since the 1990s, and more than 100 models are currently available. Since these cars look just like gasoline-only models, you may be driving a flexible-fuel vehicle and not even know it. Advantages of Flex-Fuel Vehicles Switching to an ethanol-based fuel moves us further from using up our depletable fossil fuels and closer to U.S. energy independence. Ethanol production in the U.S. primarily comes from corn. In the American Midwest, corn fields are set aside for ethanol production, which has been shown to have a positive effect on job growth and stability. Ethanol is also greener than gasoline because corn and other plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow. The fuel still releases CO2 when you burn it, but it is believed that the net increase is lower. Any car since 1980 has been designed to handle up to 10 percent ethanol in the gasoline, letting you run that percentage of your miles on a domestic fuel rather than irreplaceable fossil fuels. Disadvantages of Flex-Fuel Vehicles Flex-fuel vehicles may not experience a loss in performance when operating on E85, in fact, some generate more torque and horsepower than when operating on gasoline, but since E85 has less energy per volume than gasoline, flex-fuel vehicles can get up to 30 percent fewer miles per gallon when fueled with E85. This means you will get fewer miles per dollar spent. If filling up with flex-fuel is what you want, then finding a flex-fuel station might be a little difficult. Only about 3,000 stations across the U.S. sell E85 at the moment and most of those stations are in the Midwest. To give you some perspective, there are about 150,000 gas stations in the country. Despite the promising research, there are still question marks regarding the agricultural impacts and real energy balance of growing crops to use as fuel.

Olsson et al_Sweden wetlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Olsson et al_Sweden wetlands - Essay Example being understood as the ability to start social transformation that usually moves away from undesired and unsustainable trajectories towards new ones that develop management of preferred ecosystem states and the related values. The article also demonstrates the inter-linkage between social and ecological systems that implies that losing the key structuring social variables could affect the state of the ecosystem just as losing the major ecological elements. Those systems that depend on one or more key stewards may be prone to changes. In an example, Peterson describes the management of the long-leaf pine forest in Florida and how the required stability of the forest is maintained as a major structuring variable. The loss of the forest cover through frequent fires has threatened the desired ecosystem states. The location of the forest is one of the factors that have led to its maintenance through active burning. The example illustrates how the structures and several processes are capable of giving a social memory of ecosystem supervision that maintains its capacity in changing times and may provide basis for

Summarise the strategic options that are appropriate to ZARA and make Essay

Summarise the strategic options that are appropriate to ZARA and make definitive for ZARA to sustain its future position in the - Essay Example This difficulty of the imitation is one of the foundations the leadership strategy relies on. Zara has managed to successfully exploit its economic of scale through its size and volume of production. Passemard observes that there is a relationship between firm-size measured in terms of volume of production. Based on this understanding, and considering that Zara sells medium quality fashion clothing at affordable prices, its unit production is minimum. The optimum volume of production is reached when the average cost per unit production is minimal. (Passemard, 2006). Zara has also managed to sustain the leadership strategy because of its volume of production. Passemard, points out that with a high level of production, a company is able to purchase and use specialized manufacturing tools which other small companies are not able to afford (Passemard, 2006). The study indicates that the merchandize in the rain facility has a capacity of only 45,000 folded garments per hour and that this facility has its limitation unless more capacity can be created elsewhere. A further study by Adams observes that cost advantage may be associated with division of labor, which apparently is one of the key ingredients of Zara efficiency of work. The study indicates that at Zara, the design collections are developed by creative teams rather than groups of designers. In general implementation of leadership strategy requires firms that are able to produce relatively simple standardized products and at the same time are able to sell those products at comparatively low prices. This mechanism contrasts other companies who pursue business or corporate strategies from Zara. Zara has managed to keep its low cost production by ensuring that they maintain the supply and provide the variety to the taste of the supplier. The study points that Zara stores is stocked with items tailored to the taste of the local clientele and that one would never end up looking like someone else. According to Adam s, for the cost producer strategy to work best, buyers must be able to use the product in the same way and have much same needs and requirement when buyers are large and have significant bargaining power (Frankl & Rubik, 2000). This is underscored by Porter in his analysis of the buyer power while examining the Porter’s Five forces. Porter points out that this strategy will be efficient if the industry’s product is a standard product which is readily available from variety of sellers. In the case of Zara, there are several outlets providing almost the same ambience all over Northern Spain and the rest of the world. In observation of the Porter Five forces, Zara has been able to protect itself from the rivals, buyers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitutes. The study reveals that Zara has managed to keep off the new entrant by sheer reduction of prices for artificial purposes as well as using its dominance and economies of scale to contain the competitors like GA P. Identify the corporate level strategies In identifying corporate growth strategies, this paper will consider that use of Ansoff matrix. Zara has exploited the use of the matrix.Ansoff matrix portray alternative corporate growth strategies. This strategy explores the present and future potential growth of the business based on the products and markets. While looking at the position of Zara, it is important to points out that

Ethical Issues Report Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues Report Essay SeaWorld is a public company that is facing a significant ethical issue right now, mostly in part to the release of the documentary Blackfish. This documentary takes viewers inside the capture, training and marketing of these Killer Whales for the sole profit of the company. It also highlights the breeding, training and housing of these magnificent mammals. It brings many ethical issues to the table. 1) Should any wild animal be taken from its natural home and forced to live in captivity? 2) Should these animals then be forced to â€Å"perform† for our entertainment purposed? And finally 3) Should these animals be treated as objects and put thru artificial insemination, separated from family members and subject to inbreeding all while SeaWorld knows that this is making the whales lives beyond inadequate and causing not only death to the animal but to numerous trainers involved as well. Blackfish is a documentary made in 2013 by director Gabriela Cowperthwaite. It focuses on Tilikum (Tili), an orca forced by SeaWorld to live in captivity. It highlights the health issues, the whale-on-whale and whale-on-trainer aggression as well as the compromised lives and social experiences of SeaWorld’s killer whales. Tili is involved in deaths of 3 individuals and is a direct result of keeping killer whales in captivity. The film covers the captivity of Tili in 1983 off the coast of Iceland where he was torn away from his family. It then goes on to show the lack of social interaction these whales receive in captivity; causing grief, stress and anxiety all while being forced to perform. It makes an effort to show that although SeaWorld tried to promote their whales â€Å"wonderfully social and fulfilling† lives it is fact doing just the opposite. Not only that, but only .06% of all revenues SeaWorld actually puts towards conservation. Should wild animals be held in captivity at all? â€Å"Animals are often prevented from doing most of the things that are natural and important to  them, like running, roaming, flying, climbing, foraging, choosing a partner, and being with others of their own kind,† PETA writes in a web fact sheet. â€Å"Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to interfere with animals and keep them locked up in captivity, where they are bored, cramped, lonely, deprived of all control over their lives and far from their natural homes.† True, not all animals in captivity have been ripped from their natural habitat and placed into a cage to be used as a spectacle for human entertainment, but when there is not environmental reason or risk to the animal, why do we do so? Whales are by no means lacking in ocean to swim in. Why, just because we think they look â€Å"cool† should they be subjected to living as we say they should? Former SeaWorld senior trainer John Hasgrove, who appeared in Blackfish, asked: â€Å"If animal care in captivity is truly the goal, why are SeaWorld’s killer whales still â€Å"in the same sterile concrete pools† the park has kept them in for decades? SeaWorld has since said it has spent $70 million into upgrading those killer whale habitats in recent years. Should these animals be forced to perform solely for our entertainment purposes? Humans are generally fonder of critters that seem to have more dynamic personalities and pronounced social attachments. Killer whales are just that. In the wild the stay with their families for generations and have their own communication sounds of clicks and whistles individualized to their pod. SeaWorld has long benefited from promoting this idea. Its killer whale shows, marketing and displays have made the company money for years. For a time, the park even ran a Shamu Twitter account. Lori Marino, a neuroscience lecturer at Emory University in Atlanta who appeared in Blackfish, has said killer whales are among the world’s most intelligent animals. Almost a decade ago, Nova Scotia based biologist Hal Whitehead claimed orcas the second more â€Å"cultural† species. â€Å"They have their way of doing things, which they’ve learned from their mother and their other relatives,† Whitehead told the newspaper. The documentary states that the orcas suffer from broken teeth because they rub and ram equipment in their tanks and that they sometimes regurgitate their food all out of boredom. It also points out that captivity leads to violence and shortened live spans. Finally, are these animals’ just objects and are we under obligation not to  encourage and support this abuse? Is keeping these whales in captivity overshadowing any good that SeaWorld is doing? Is there a moral obligation that we have to protect these creatures from artificial insemination that is often the result of inbreeding? Do we have a right to separate the calves from their mothers just to allow another park, sometimes half way across the globe, a chance to showcase a killer whale? Should be â€Å"training† these whales to do human decided tricks for profit? Where does money no matter hold importance to the damage that we are doing to our environment ethically? How can one say that we have a right to remove an animal from its family and its lifestyle and then tell our children not bring a wild rabbit into the house? These animals, once raised in captivity cannot be returned to the wild, but how can we justify continuing to force breeding and incest? What does it stay about our intelligence and our ethical moral if we do not put an end to this mistreatment of such creatures?

The Facts About Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Essay -- celebrity, surge

We see those girls walking, we see those celebrity that looks very perfect in every way we want them to be, we see those big breast in the bathing suit and we see those perfect shapes and appearance. Plastic and cosmetic surgery have become a â€Å"consumer good† and people are buying them mostly non-stop. The people that plan to get plastic and cosmetic surgeries are the one that should really think about it and also people that can’t even afford it. It’s because they don’t know what the outcomes are. I believe people are using plastic and cosmetic surgery for wrong reasons because people are getting it for their birthday, graduation or just as a present. It is important that the people that really needs it, can get it. If there’s no defect or disorder, it shouldn’t be needed. For example, â€Å"24 year old Amanda, an optician in suburban Michigan, is getting the gift of a tummy tuck† (Dana 13). We should care because too much money are being spend on getting the plastic and cosmetic surgery. Instead of using that money to get the surgery that aren’t really needed, they can use that to donate to kids or people that are more in needs. We should be caring because we don’t know what kind of afterward results we’ll have if we get the surgeries. We should care because people often die from one mistake of getting in plastic and cosmetic surgery. We should care because those plastic and cosmetic surgery doesn’t really last forever, the majority will last you like about maybe a decade only. Many people is being affected by getting plastic or cosmetic surgeries. One example of was a girl name Annan she didn’t have very good self-esteem â€Å"I felt like it didn’t complement my face very well† (Krishnan 1). Teens girls are always looking to be goo... ...Web. 1 Apr. 2014. . Lee, M. and Nancy Sprauge. â€Å"Cosmetic Surgery: An Overview.† Points of View: Cosmetic Surgery 2013: 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. . Margonelli, Lisa. "GAMBLING ON Beauty." Health (Time Inc. Health) 15.9 2001: 122. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. . Morgan, Peggy. "Is A Facelift In Your Future?" Prevention 50.1 1998: 106. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. . Nowak, Rachel. "When Looks Can Kill." New Scientist 192.2574 2006: 18. MAS Ultra – School Edition. Web. 8 Apr. 2014. . Shute, Nancy. "Makeover Nation. (Cover Story)." U.S. News & World Report 136.19 2004: 52. Middle Search Plus. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. .

Marx’s Theory of Alienation

Sociology Essay – Assessment 1 Q. Outline and assess Marx’s concept of Alienation Alienation, a concept that became widely known during the 19th and 20th century has been looked at extensively by a number of leading theorists. Theorists such as Georg Hegel first used the idea of alienation as a philosophic idea, but his work was later grasped upon by theorists known as Ludwig Feuerbach and more importantly Karl Marx. The world till now has been witness to a change in different social structures and forms in which society operates. We as human beings must ask, what purpose do we serve within society?What means do we have to sustain an effective or prosperous way of living? Marx believed we have been through different economic stages and ownership of the things we need to live, beginning with the times of the ancient to feudalism (land granted from the crown) to now where we have arrived at capitalism (private ownership). He saw this as historical stages of development wh ere each stage has the characteristics of a system of production and division of labour, forms of property ownership and a system of class relations (Morrison,K. 1995:40).This brought forward Marx’s idea of historical materialism which centred on how to interpret the history of mankind and the development of one stage of society to the next. In turn it looks for reasons for changes in human society and how humans together produced the necessary requirements to live. In relation to historical materialism there was another idea of dialectal materialism. This was a term used by Marx to study natural phenomena, the evolution of society and human thought itself as a process of development which rests upon motion and contradiction (Clapp,R: Acc 10/11/2012).Marx further explains historical and dialectical materialism which will be looked at further in the essay. By understanding how humans produce the necessities to live (historical materialism) and how a way of reasoning helps us t o see the growth in efficiency of economic orders where in turn they develop contradictions and weaknesses (dialectical materialism), we can begin to look at the idea of alienation and how it exists through expanding economic orders according to Marx. Alienation can be described as an idea where humans are dominated by forces of their own creation, which pose as ‘alien powers’ (Coser: 1977 Acc. 0/11/2012). It is seen that we are subject to psychological or emotional separation from the things we produce and the surplus value that is gained, all be it in the control of private owners in a capitalist climate. There are different ways in which we are separated from these factors. They are the worker from the product of labour, the actual activity of labour, members of society and from our ‘species being’. However both the worker and capitalist suffer forms of alienation which will be discussed further.The purpose of this essay is to outline and assess Marxâ₠¬â„¢s theory of alienation where many forms of separation occur and how different members of society suffer from it, as well as taking into account how historical and dialectical ideas help to give a background to it. Karl Marx who was born in 1818 in Germany was considered as an unconventional theorist. His reputation for being a political economist, philosopher, revolutionary and founder of Communism did not bring people to the typical image of a sociologist.Marx was a strong believer in the materialistic understanding of factors such as social change, class conflict, labour and the organisation of production. He put forward some notions that would help him identify the materialist perspective. So what does historical materialism tell us about history? When using this idea to analyse society we are always looking at the economic base or structure of it. In order for society to live in this sense, we must be able to produce the necessities like food, shelter and clothing in order t o do so. The act of production is one of the principle requirements to satisfy human economic needs.Marx also made a comparison of humans to animals where we as humans produce the means to satisfy our primary material needs. For this reason humans are different from animals because humans need to produce the means for survival and when done, they build an active conscious with nature in order to do so (Morrison, K. 1995:40). Another point was that the way humans produce depends on what is already there in nature and what they must to survive. If this is the case then how they exist and how they live will run parallel to what they produce and how they produce. Historical materialism was given a number of main concepts to look at.These were the means of production (necessitates for survival), relations of production (the link between producers and non-producers of physical labour) and the mode of production (changing the way of making a living). By taking these points into account we can see how an economic structure has been formed over different periods of time and how historical materialism helps to look at social processes of human economic work and how it will help give a background to the theory of alienation. Historical materialism serves a link to the dialectical way of thinking as Marx was the first person to merge materialism and dialectics together.The dialectics was a way of thinking to understand the world. Marx was mainly influenced by the theorist Hegel in his younger days, he was a pioneer in understanding philosophic logic through his process of dialectic. This involved looking at natural phenomena, the evolution of society and thought through motion and contradiction with a direct challenge to formal logic. Marx seen that the contradictions and oppositions were paramount to the whole analysis. For example in using dialectics imagine there is tension for a nurse trying to accommodate a client but at the same time we know she is trying to bring c hange for the client.Using this small scale example in the greater picture we can see that dialectics accepts reality as a set of opposing forces which exist at the same time (Estefan,A:2002 Acc 10/11/2012). Moreover by understanding historical and dialectical materialism in nature, society or economy we are able to understand how through different economic periods it gives a background to Marx’s theory of alienation. As we discuss alienation by Marx we first need to analyse the environment he sees it in. Capitalism is an economic system, whereby ownership of factories, materials and machinery for production is the property of private individuals.The term alienation relates to the specific levels of separation that are seen through the production and increasing surplus value by workers. Marx had this idea that private property is the ‘material summary expression’ of estranged labour. Marx highlighted that labour power had a major value where the use of it by the capitalist was turned into surplus value. This labour is something that cannot be similar to work because it has a social relationship that can only identify with capitalism. What he is trying to say is that during the production of goods, physical effort (work) is changed into labour.With an increasing industrial demand for production workers are subject to exploitation, where they are required to work harder to meet demand but still for a wage not in proportion to the work carried out. The wage that the workers receive will fluctuate but will not be in proportion with the increase in productivity, the increased input turns into surplus value in which the capitalist owner takes in the form of profit. The relationship between the productivity of workers and the production of surplus value is therefore the more wealth he produces the less he will expect to see back or he will become all the poorer (Calhoun, Craig. 002). This shows us that an object which the worker produces becomes m ore distant from him as the bond created between the product and worker is lost, knowing that it will be owned or disposed of by another, the capitalist. In turn, the object that the worker has put a part of his life into stands against him as something alien. In all societies people use skills that have been gained over time to produce goods that they need to live, exchange or sell. This is not the case in a capitalist environment because ‘‘the worker cannot use the things he produces to keep alive or to engage in further productive activity†¦The worker needs, no matter how desperate, do not give him a license to lay hands on what these same hands have produced, for all his products are the property of another’’ (B Ollman, Alienation, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p143). This form of separation was highlighted by Marx as separation of the worker from the product of labour. He identified other main levels of separation within the idea of alienation . These consist of separation from the act of labour, from fellow members of society and from species being.When looking at separation from the activity of labour we mean that the worker is alienated by the lack of control in the process of production. This drainage of control completely restricts on how the worker can carry out his work. He is limited to a systematic process so the input of creativity almost becomes nothing as the worker would need to follow restrictions. With lack of input in the activity of labour, it would seem that an increased division of labour from the process would become more existent. For example in a car factory there would be a line to assemble a car together which consists of many different parts.With little say in the process the worker may be restricted to assembling only the tyres on the car. The activity would be a repetitive process and would separate the worker from the rest of the production line and in essence from his natural being as his pote ntial is not being utilised. A third aspect of alienation is that man is a species-being. Marx argues that humans come across as social animals where he states ‘man makes his life activity itself the object of his will and of his consciousness. He has conscious life activity.It is not a determination with which he directly merges. Conscious life activity distinguishes man immediately from animal life activity. It is just because of this he is a specious-being’ (Calhoun, Craig. 2002. 38). What Marx is saying here is that we as humans have the ability to consciously interact with the world around us and it is in our character to do so. Also, the main thing that separates us from the animal world is that we know who we are and have a personal conscious of our self with a kind of relation to the natural world.In terms of capitalist relations of production when our labour is used, we are displaced from our species being as it turns labour into a physical act. We are effectiv ely revoked from what nature has favoured us for over animal life. Also, by converting conscious being into physical being it makes human labour like the labour of animals (Morrison, K. 1995. 96). With this kind of alienation by being taken from our specious being we become creatures of physical activity all in tandem with the drive for profit for the capitalist owner.However under capitalism the development of production methods results in specialised division of labour which with some difference can increase society’s ability to produce, but the benefits in turn will flow in the favour the few private owners. The fourth factor of alienation that Marx brought forward is that from fellow humans and from our human social community. Those who live in a capitalist society are separated from fellow members as a class structure becomes evident.There is a structure of those who work and those who exploit the workers so for this reason Marx feels we are alienated from fellow members . Those in the capitalist society are only partially connected by the way of the market. In the market members will come to buy and sell goods that they produce or sell so by looking at it this way individuals are not connected properly but as separated representatives of different relations of production in competition with each other. We can then see the different forms of alienation that Marx sees existent in a capitalist society.The theory of alienation has taken many forms and laid down many points, but it may be important to consider a few criticisms that may exist within it. By looking at it from a modern perspective, some may consider that the concept is not fully defined in the sense that working for someone else or above with free movement is difficult. A main feature of Capitalism is that property rights and freedom of contract is what strengthens it. In a contract of employment if a worker is not satisfied with a job then it is possible for them to leave with notice and look for work elsewhere or even start up their own business.This level of autonomy in decision making is what one may argue shines light on capitalism. The government may play a role in alienating the capitalist owner as it may be through legislation that they need to follow specific rules. In turn it will filter through to the worker and that feeling of degradation may be situated elsewhere. In defence of the private owners the hate feeling of workers may point at the wrong direction when it is other factors that have contributed to their change.For example in 1912 employees went on strike from a textile factory in Massachusetts, U. S. A when owners reduced wages due to the reduction of working hours by the state from 56 to 54 hours. As the root of the change was the state, it should be them that are targeted not the owner. Marx’s theory of alienation therefore contests that in modern industrial production under a capitalist system workers will eventually lose control of the ir lives by the overwhelming conditions they are faced with at work.Through the different degrees of separation be it from the product of labour, the activity of labour, from species being or from fellow members of society Marx attempts to show that under the conditions of modern factory production the average worker is just like a cog in a machine where it is continuously worked and replaced by swarms of other parts. The new workers perform repetitive tasks which are closely under watch and with them they don’t have control over production, the products of labour and relations with each other. As a result the worker is taken away from his human nature.Overall, the role and conditions for the labourer has changed through time along with the changes in economic systems. Word Count: 2,475 Bibliography (B Ollman, Alienation, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p143) * (B Ollman, Alienation, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p143) Calhoun, Craig. (2002). Economic and Philosophic Ma nuscripts of 1844. In: Classical Sociological Theory. Massachusetts: Blackwell. 35. * (Calhoun, Craig. 2002. 35) * (Calhoun, Craig. 2002. 38) Coser. (1977:50-53) Alienation. Available: http://www. cf. ac. uk/socsi/undergraduate/introsoc/marx7. html. Last accessed 10/11/2012. (Coser: 1977 Acc. 10/11/2012) Clapp, R. An Introduction to Dialectical Materialism. Available: http://www. marxism. org. uk/pack/dialetics. html. Last accessed 10/11/2012. * (Clapp,R: Acc 10/11/2012) Estefan, A. (2002). Dialectical Thinking. Available: http://www. palgrave. com/nursinghealth/mcallister/suggestions_thinking/example%20of%20teaching%20dialectical%20thinking. htm. Last accessed 10/11/2012. * (Estefan,A:2002 Acc 10/11/2012) Morrison, K. (1995). Laws of Historical development. In: Morrison, K Formations of Modern Social Thought. London: SAGE. 40. * (Morrison, K. 1995. 40) * (Morrison, K. 1995. 96)

Exploratory Writing Essay

I came from a family with a hereditary disease called diabetes. All my relatives in the father side already have diabetes and as we all know, this is a killer disease. If people with diabetes do not consider control of their blood sugar and use sugar-free products then what would become of them. Most likely, they could have organ malfunction and worse, dead. Based on experience, most dieticians recommend that we, diabetics use sugar free products. However, maybe the lot of them has not read the article that I had come across with when I was researching about sugar-free products. It has been stated in Science Daily last February 13, 2006 that sugar-free products contain substances that can cause cancer to rats. It was stated in the article there is a certain percentage of consumption of the artificial sweeteners that we call â€Å"sugar-free† sweeteners. These substances have been already used in many products in the market. This does not only include sodas but also in the bread and candies available in the market. Even though it has not yet been proven that humans are really affected by these substances there are evidences that rats develop carcinogenic cells. Rats are also living creatures and if the sugar-free substance affects the rats, then it would definitely affect humans. I asked some of the member of the family and they also agree about the matter. There are possible solutions to this problem, my family and I could consider stopping the use of sugar-free substances. However, this proves to be difficult because if not for the sugar-free substances then this may cause our blood sugars to go sky high. It is really hard for diabetics to control their own cravings for sugar. Almost everybody that I know have a sweet tooth. However, since artificial sweeteners could prove to be very harmful to our health then maybe we ought to think twice before eating foods that contain artificial sweeteners. Works Cited â€Å"Rats At Levels Currently Approved For Humans. † Science Daily 13 February 2006. 26 February 2008 .

Free Essays on The Truth About Capitalism

In this essay, I will consider whether capitalism is really amoral on the grounds that it turns the economy into a high-stakes competitive game with winners and losers, where corporations are the players and in order to succeed must show no mercy to there opponents. ‘Amoral’ means lacking moral sensibility, not caring about right and wrong. Capitalism encourages competition amongst businesses turning them into opponents against one another. There are many examples of that all around in our society, for example McDonald’s vs. Burger King, and Pepsi vs. Coca Cola. The fierce competition that exists between these corporations force them to spend millions of dollars on advertisements to bad mouth their opponents. Not only are big corporations competing with one another but small businesses are in the mix as well. That is where a big problem in capitalism exists, large corporations make it very difficult for new small businesses to open and be successful and more often then not that, the new business is wiped out by that large corporation and the owners and all of those who worked at that business are now jobless. Two of the main goals for a corporation in capitalism are to make as much profit for your investors as possible and to be more successful than your opponents. To some corporations those goals must be reached no matter what the cost. What that means is that they are willing to anything they can do to be the best, whether it is right or wrong. A great example of that are all the American Corporations that own sweat shops in third world countries that have women and children working in horrible working environments for extremely low wages. It doesn’t take a brain surgeon to realize that what they are doing is amoral, but as long as they are saving money and continue to be successful they will not change a thing. On the other hand, it may be contended in criticism that, in nature the strong survive and it is no different... Free Essays on The Truth About Capitalism Free Essays on The Truth About Capitalism In this essay, I will consider whether capitalism is really amoral on the grounds that it turns the economy into a high-stakes competitive game with winners and losers, where corporations are the players and in order to succeed must show no mercy to there opponents. ‘Amoral’ means lacking moral sensibility, not caring about right and wrong. Capitalism encourages competition amongst businesses turning them into opponents against one another. There are many examples of that all around in our society, for example McDonald’s vs. Burger King, and Pepsi vs. Coca Cola. The fierce competition that exists between these corporations force them to spend millions of dollars on advertisements to bad mouth their opponents. Not only are big corporations competing with one another but small businesses are in the mix as well. That is where a big problem in capitalism exists, large corporations make it very difficult for new small businesses to open and be successful and more often then not that, the new business is wiped out by that large corporation and the owners and all of those who worked at that business are now jobless. Two of the main goals for a corporation in capitalism are to make as much profit for your investors as possible and to be more successful than your opponents. To some corporations those goals must be reached no matter what the cost. What that means is that they are willing to anything they can do to be the best, whether it is right or wrong. A great example of that are all the American Corporations that own sweat shops in third world countries that have women and children working in horrible working environments for extremely low wages. It doesn’t take a brain surgeon to realize that what they are doing is amoral, but as long as they are saving money and continue to be successful they will not change a thing. On the other hand, it may be contended in criticism that, in nature the strong survive and it is no different...

Lo que hay que saber sobre la mayoría de edad en EEUU

Lo que hay que saber sobre la mayorà ­a de edad en EEUU En Estados Unidos, cada  estado establece la edad de mayorà ­a de edad. Es importante saberla porque  a partir de la misma se considera a una persona como adulta. Si bien hay importantes excepciones para determinados cosas e incluso para efectos migratorios. Por su importancia legal, en este artà ­culo se informa sobre las distintas edades de mayorà ­a segà ºn los estados y cundo, a pesar de ser menores de edad, pueden ser juzgados como adulto. Adems, cules son los actos que un menor de edad puede hacer con efectos legales y cules le estn prohibidos a pesar de ser mayor de edad y, finalmente,  cules son los casos en los que la edad determina derechos desde el punto de vista migratorio. Adems, se resalta el tema de la edad para consentimiento sexual, ya que si no se respetan las reglas de cada estado, podrà ­a haber problemas. Edad de mayorà ­a de edad en Estados Unidos por estados y Puerto Rico Este es un asunto que regula cada estado. 47 de ellos y el Distrito de Columbia -la ciudad de Washington D.C.- han decidido que la mayorà ­a de edad es a los 18 aà ±os. Sin embargo hay tres importantes excepciones: dos estados han seà ±alado que se alcanza la mayorà ­a de edad a los 19: Alabama y Nebraska. Y uno a los 21: Mississippi. Con independencia del estado, todos los ciudadanos americanos mayores de 18 aà ±os pueden votar en elecciones federales, porque asà ­ lo establece la Constitucià ³n. En el estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico la edad de mayorà ­a de edad quedà ³ fijada en 18 aà ±os. En quà © casos menores de edad pueden actuar como si fueran personas adultas Hay que consultar con las leyes de cada estado, a que hay grandes diferencias entre ellos. Un buen nà ºmero de estados considera que en determinadas circunstancias los menores de 18 aà ±os son mayores de edad, generalmente en casos de: emancipacià ³n judicialmatrimonioestar alistado en el Ejà ©rcito, lo cual es frecuente por sus ventajas. Adems, algunos estados conceden capacidad para decidir por sà ­ mismo a los menores en ciertos asuntos. Pero puede darse en situaciones relacionadas con: edad para contraer matrimonio. Si se tienen los aà ±os requeridos en el estado para contraer matrimonio legalmente y se tienen recursos econà ³micos suficientes entonces se puede solicitar la green card para el esposo/a extranjero.capacidad para celebrar cierto tipo de contratosCapacidad para demandar en corte por medio de representante (guardin, next friend, etc)Capacidad para decidir sobre tratamiento mà ©dico. Edad mà ­nima para puede ser juzgado como juvenil y juzgado como adulto En Estados Unidos, dependiendo de su edad los menores de edad que cometen un delito  pueden: no ser juzgados porque se considera que no tienen capacidadser juzgados como un juvenilser juzgados como un adulto No todos los estados establecen una edad mà ­nima para excluir a los nià ±os de todo tipo de responsabilidad criminal, lo cual significa que pueden ser juzgados independientemente de su edad. Sin embargo, una veintena de estados sà ­ que han establecido una edad mà ­nima. Asà ­ non pueden ser juzgados los menores de 10 aà ±os en Arkansas, Colorado, Dakota del Sur, Kansas, Lousiana, Minesota, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont y Wisconsin. Los menores de 8 aà ±os no tienen responsabilidad penal en Arizona, Nevada y Washington. Dicha edad se rebaja a los 7 aà ±os en los casos de Connecticut, Dakota del Norte, Maryland, Massachusetts y Nueva York. Finalmente, los nià ±os pueden ser juzgados en Carolina del Norte a partir de los 6 aà ±os. Los menores de edad, cuando son juzgados, pueden serlo como juveniles o como adultos, es decir, en corte criminal ordinaria. Como regla general, en todos los estados se establece que ninguna persona mayor de 18 aà ±os puede ser juzgada como juvenil. Adems, se establece una edad menor a partir de la cual una persona es juzgada como adulto. En los estados de Georgia, Michigan, Missouri, Texas y Wisconsin dicha edad es 16 aà ±os y en todos los dems estados la edad mà ­nima para ser juzgado como adulto en corte criminal es 17 aà ±os. Resaltar que a partir de octubre de 2020, en el estado de Nueva York los menores de 16 y 17 aà ±os no sern juzgados automticamente como adultos, como est sucediendo en estos momentos. En todo caso, los 50 estados que componen la Unià ³n Americana tienen leyes que se conocen en inglà ©s con el nombre de transfer laws que permiten que los menores que cometan delitos muy graves, como por ejemplo, asesinato, puedan ser juzgados como adultos con independencia de la edad que tengan. Las modalidades de las transfer laws y sus requisitos varà ­an de estado a estado. Quà © no se puede hacer hasta los 21 aà ±os de edad A pesar de haber alcanzado la mayorà ­a de edad, los menores de 21 aà ±os no pueden comprar bebidas alcohà ³licas, excepto en el caso de Puerto Rico. Sin embargo,  las reglas sobre la presencia de menores en bares o tiendas de licor o consumo en privado,  por ejemplo, en una cena familiar, depende de cada estado. Adems, segà ºn las leyes federales, los menores de 21 aà ±os no pueden comprar pistolas a ningà ºn comerciante. Sin embargo, pueden adquirirlas a partir de los 18 aà ±os si es a travà ©s de una persona privada. Asimismo, pueden comprar rifles y escopetas a un comerciante a partir de los 18 y no hay là ­mite de edad cuando se trata de adquisiciones privadas. En el tema de compra de armas, adems de las leyes federales hay que respetar las leyes del estado en el que se vive. Varios de los estados imponen un mà ­nimo de 21 aà ±os de edad para comprar y/o poseer pistolas, por ejemplo California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Nueva Jersey, Nueva York, Rhode Island, Washington, Wyoming y la ciudad de Washington D.C. Consecuencias de la edad en asuntos migratorios A efectos migratorios, son varios los casos en los que se considera a una persona como infante (child) mientras es menor  21 aà ±os de edad y est soltero. Por ejemplo, en las peticiones de sus hijos  por parte de ciudadanos o residentes permanentes. Adems, los ciudadanos sà ³lo pueden pedir a hermanos y padres si ya han cumplido los 21 aà ±os de edad.   Otro caso donde importa la edad es el de los indocumentados menores de 21 aà ±os que no estn casados y que han sido abusados o abandonados por uno de sus padres, ya que podrà ­an obtener papeles si califican para el Estatus Especial de Inmigrante Juvenil.   Se trata de casos en los que las leyes migratorias protegen ms all de los 18 aà ±os de edad.   Sin embargo, en el caso de los muchachos que pueden ser protegidos por la Accià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) sà ³lo estn amparados los que llegaron a Estados Unidos antes de cumplir los 16 aà ±os de edad. El consentimiento para actos sexuales y la edad Cuando un adulto mantiene relaciones sexuales fuera del matrimonio con un menor de edad, aunque sean consentidas, puede ser considerado un delito, lo cual podrà ­a tener consecuencias penales y tambià ©n migratorias. Para evitar problemas serios hay que tener en cuenta cul es  la edad para el consentimiento sexual en cada estado  Y es que como regla general, la mayorà ­a de edad y la de consentimiento para actos de naturaleza sexual no coinciden y es fundamental tener en cuenta la edad de las 2 personas que realizan el acto à ­ntimo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

European Convention on Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

European Convention on Human Rights - Essay Example In explaining the proceedings of Mike Russell against Wicket World in the High Court alleging that his right to privacy was infringed various provisions of the law in the Convention and Human Rights Act provide an important pieces of reference for consideration as a basis on which both parties would argue out their case. Basis on which Mike Russell would bring his claim according to the Convention on Human Rights and Human Rights 1998 is grounded on Article 8 on Right to Privacy. Basically, this Article stipulates the respect for private or family life. In this respect then, the privacy of Mike ought not to have been infringed especially when the confidential information about his health status was leaked to the Wicket World by the Cloisters private clinic. The prevention or disclosure of information received in private (Article 10) was overstepped and it justifies the claim. This is therefore outright that his privacy on health matter became public creating an argument that he and h is fellow team mates failed to show case a standard and successive competition in South Africa. Article 12 Protocol 1 stipulates about possessions enjoyment. This Article argues that every individual can peacefully enjoy his possessions and no party can curtail the enjoyment of the same. The Claimant took to account that it was his sole right to enjoy and make himself happy while engaging in cricket action while in South Africa as the law explains. Regardless in whichever way of enjoyment as far as it does not override any other law of the land had a right to enjoy in any way he wished and with any person. Mike Russell having partied with local prostitute during the night passion was just enjoying his right. This also infringed his right to privacy where it was revealed the caliber of the class type that he enjoyed with. The basis on which Wicket World would defend the claim would be founded on a number of provisions of the law as enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act, 1998.1 The claim according to Article 8 on right to privacy is however limited by Article 18 that limits on use of restriction of rights. This therefore overrides the limits to the privacy of the individual (Mike Russell) where exercising his privacy in a manner that resulted to moral decadence while on a public activity .Wicket World was meant to cover and provide information on the activities engaged to the cricket team and its their role to report in the best interest of the public even where the participants actions are in question. According to section 6 of Human Rights Act 1998, it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with conventional rights but the Cloisters was a private clinic and it was not bound by this section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 hence it exercised discretion to release information on the health status of Mike Russell Article 12 provides that individuals enjoy rights to peaceful possessions enjoyment but this right is not absolute and hence qualified. It is imperative to establish that the ri ght to private life for enjoyment is qualified in the sense that infringement in this basic right may be justified necessary in order to protect some important general public interest. It therefore explains that it was in the interest of the citizens of England to be represented in the best way possible by the cricket team in the competitions rather than the poor performance that the team produced. 1European Commission on Human Rights and Human Rights Act, 1998 Playing without sober mind due to alcohol influence cannot be merely assumed that it was their absolute rights to enjoy in the expense of the country that needed them to